ATMSG Taxonomy of SG Elements

Taxonomy of SG Elements

The tables below contain the taxonomy of SG elements used in the ATMSG model .

Gaming activity

Gaming actions
Category	Elements
Entity Manipulation	Capture, Collect, Create, Customize, Design, Destroy, Edit, Eliminate, Exchange, Generate, Manage resources, Manipulate gravity (physics), Match, Own, Plan/Strategy, Remove, Select, Tactical maneuver, Trade virtual items
Movement	Avoid, Collide, Move, Evade, Rotate, Shoot, Target, Teleport, Traverse, Visit
Time-related	Manipulate time, Start/Stop time, Advance game period
Information	Ask questions, Answer questions/trivia, Obtain help, See performance evaluation, Watch/Listen to/Read information, Watch/Listen to/Read story

Gaming tools
Category	Elements
Objects	2D/3D space, Avatars, Cards, Gifts, Goods, Grids, Information, Modifiers, Non-playing characters (NPC), Tiles, Tokens, Virtual money
Attributes	Lives, Position in space, Roles, Secrets, Virtual skills
Time	Chronometer, Time pressure
Feedback	Achievements, Leaderboards, Penalties, Performance meters, Performance record, Points, Progress bars, Rewards, Status levels
Help	Advice and assistance, Guide character, Checklists/Task lists, Tips, Tutorial, Warning messages
Chance / Randomness	Dice, Lottery, Random appearances, Randomizers
Narrative (aesthetics)	Cut scenes, Role play, Story (text)
Rules	Complete information, Incomplete information, Competition, Game modes, Game master/referee, Multiplayer, Zero-sum/Non-zero-sum
Segmentation of gameplay	Alternating turns, Challenges, Checkpoints, Game Period, Infinite gameplay, Levels, Meta-game, Puzzles, Quest/Problem, Time
Goal metrics	Achievement, Performance record, Score, Success level, Time
Score	Video Game Score, Cash Score, Social Network Score, Composite Metrics, Experience Points, Redeemable Points, Karma Points

Gaming goals
Category	Elements
Score	Maximize performance, Maximize score
Tasks	Collect resources, Collect information, Solve puzzle
Narrative	Complete quest, Complete side quests, Form/discover goal, Get acquainted with story, Reach narrative end
Competition	Be the first to reach the end, Be the last player standing
Other goals	Configure game, Learn to use interface, Perform task within allotted time, Reach resources end

Learning activity

Learning actions
Category	Elements
Remembering	Define, Describe, Draw, Find, Identify, Imitate, Label, List, Locate, Match, Memorize, Name, Observe, Read, Recall, Recite, Recognize, Relate, Reproduce, Select, State, Write, Tell
Understanding	Compare, Convert, Demonstrate, Describe, Discuss, Distinguish, Explain, Explore, Find more information about, Generalize, Interpret, Objectify, Outline, Paraphrase, Predict, Put into own words, Relate, Restate, Summarize, Translate, Visualize
Applying	Apply, Calculate, Change, Choose, Classify, Complete goal, Complete, Construct, Examine, Experiment, Illustrate, Interpret, Make, Manipulate, Modify, Perform action/task, Produce, Put into practice, Put together, Show, Solve, Translate, Use
Analyzing	Advertise, Analyze, Categorize, Compare, Contrast, Deduce, Differentiate, Discover, Distinguish, Examine, Explain, Identify, Investigate, Separate, Subdivide, Take apart
Evaluating	Argue, Assess, Choose, Critique, Debate, Decide, Defend, Determine, Discuss, Estimate, Evaluate, Judge, Justify, Prioritize, Rate, Recommend, Review, Select, Value, Verify, Weigh
Creating	Add to, Build model, Combine, Compose, Construct, Create, Design, Devise, Forecast, Form goal, Formulate, Hypothesize, Imagine, Invent, Originate, Plan, Predict, Propose

Learning tools
Category	Elements
Dramatizing	Dramas, Dramatizations
Graphical information	Art, Cartoons, Diagrams, Displays, Graphed information, Graphics, Graphs, Illustrations
Interaction	Court trials, Debates, Demonstrations, Experiments, Group discussions, Questionnaires, Simulator, Speculations, Surveys, Tests
Multimedia	Animation, Films, Media presentations, Recordings, Songs, Speech, Television programs, Videos
Problem-solving	Challenge, Problems, Puzzles
Textual information	Analogies, Arguments, Bulletin boards, Classifications, Conclusions, Definitions, Editorials, Forecasts, Information, Magazine articles, Models, Newspapers, Organizations, Outlines, Poems, Posters, Recommendations, Reports, Routines, Rules, Standards, Story, Student diary, Summaries, Task list/checklist, Tasks, Textbooks, Texts, Tips
Other	Creations, Events, Inventions, Sculptures, Self-evaluations, Systems, Values

Learning goals
Category	Elements
Bloom’s Taxonomy – Cognitive domain	Remembering, Understanding, Analyzing, Applying, Evaluating, Creating
Bloom’s Taxonomy – Affective domain	Receiving phenomena, Responding to phenomena, Valuing, Organization, Internalizing values
Bloom’s Taxonomy – Psychomotor domain	Perception (awareness), Set, Guided response, Mechanism (basic proficiency), Complex overt response, Adaptation, Origination
Kolb’s experiential learning cycle	Concrete experience, Active experimentation, Reflective observation, Abstract conceptualization
Fink’s Taxonomy	Foundational knowledge, Application, Integration, Human dimension, Caring, Learning how to learn

Instructional activity

Instructional actions
Category	Elements
-	Demonstrate, Present material, Present problem, Present quiz, Qualitatively assess performance, Quantitatively assess performance, Repetition, Review lesson, Reward good performance, Sanction bad performance, Scaffold, Show similar problems, Stress importance, Suggest improvements, Support recovery from errors, Tell story

Instructional tools
Category	Elements
-	Challenge, Checklists, Deadlines, Discussion, Help text, Limited set of choices, Multiple chances, Penalties, Performance measures, Practice tests, Questions & answers, Rewards, Simulators, Story, Tips/assistance, Warning messages

Instructional goals
Category	Elements
Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction	Gain attention, Inform learner of objective, Stimulate recall of prior learning, Present the stimulus, Provide learning guidance, Elicit performance, Provide feedback, Assess performance, Enhance retention and transfer
ARCS Model of Motivational Design	Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction

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